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When working with LED strips, various components come into play to establish proper connections. From the power supply unit to the final light source, each part has specific connection requirements.
Before an LED strip can illuminate, it must receive the correct voltage, usually 12V or 24V direct current. For this, an LED power supply, also known as a transformer or driver, is indispensable. A controller is often placed between the power source and the strip to manage features such as dimming, color changing (for RGB/RGBW strips), or automation. The connection between the power supply, controller, and strip is made via DC connectors or, in some systems, via terminal blocks. Polarity (+ and -) is crucial for correct operation.
LED strip connectors simplify linking strips to each other or to wiring, often without the need for soldering. This makes installation faster and more accessible. The choice of connector depends on the type of strip (single color, RGB, RGBW, etc.), the width of the strip, and the desired connection.
| Type of Connector | Function | Applications |
|---|---|---|
| Strip-to-strip connector (I-shape) | Connects two LED strip segments linearly to extend length. | Long straight runs, seamless transitions. |
| Corner connector (L-shape, T-shape, X-shape) | Enables seamless connections at corners or junctions without bending the strip. | Inside corners of cabinets, walls, or for branching a run. |
| Strip-to-wire connector | Connects an LED strip segment directly to electrical wiring. | Connection to power supply, extension with wire, custom setups. |
| Splitter cable | Distributes the current from one power supply or controller across multiple LED strip segments. | Supplying multiple short strips from one point, complex layouts. |
When the distance between the power supply/controller and the LED strip is larger, or when multiple strips need to be connected to a single power supply, extension cables and splitter cables provide the solution. Extension cables with the right wire gauge minimize voltage drop over greater distances. Splitters are suited for powering multiple LED strips from a single central connection, for example, lighting several cabinet compartments from one power source. Always pay attention to the total wattage of the connected strips to avoid overloading the power supply when using splitters.
LED strips have cut marks, usually every 5 or 10 centimeters, which indicate where the strip can safely be shortened without losing functionality. A sharp pair of scissors ensures a clean cut. After cutting, you can create a new connection point using the aforementioned strip-to-wire connectors or by soldering the contact points for a permanent connection.
Aluminum profiles are more than just an aesthetic addition; they contribute to the functionality and lifespan of LED strips. They offer protection against dust and physical damage, and, more importantly, assist with effective heat dissipation. Proper heat management is important to prevent premature degradation of the LEDs. Profiles are available in various shapes and sizes to suit almost any installation scenario. They can be finished with a diffuser cover for uniform light output without visible LED points.
When installing LED strips in damp areas, such as bathrooms, or outdoors, the IP rating of both the strip and the connectors is very important. Always use connectors that match the IP rating of the strip. Some connectors can be made extra watertight with special glue or sleeves. Ensure that all connections in a moist environment are finished watertight to prevent short-circuits and malfunctions.
Good preparation and knowledge of the materials simplify installation and ensure the long-term functioning of LED strips.
For shorter lengths of LED strip, up to about 5 meters, a 12V system is usually sufficient. For longer runs, a 24V system is worth considering, as this results in lower current, which reduces voltage drop along the strip. This helps achieve more consistent light output across the entire installation length. Always ensure compatibility between the voltage of the LED strip and the power supply.
LED strips operate on direct current and are therefore polarity-sensitive. Make sure the positive (+) and negative (-) terminals on the LED strip match those on the power supply or controller. Incorrect polarity typically will not cause damage, but the strip will not light up. Double check the markings on the strip and connectors for the correct connection.
For longer runs of LED strips, especially with 12V systems or high-wattage installations, cable thickness is important. A cable that is too thin can cause voltage drop, resulting in the LED strip being less bright at the end and the cable becoming warm. Use cables with sufficient wire gauge, matched to the total power of the LED strip and the cable length. For advice on the correct cable thickness, refer to the specifications of the LED strip and power supply, or use a calculation tool.
While clip connectors allow for fast and simple installation, soldering typically provides a more reliable and durable electrical connection, especially in environments with vibrations or temperature changes. For permanent installations or situations where maximum reliability is critical, soldering may be preferred. However, for most common applications, quality clip connectors are a functional and quick solution.
With the right knowledge about connection materials and how to use them, any professional can realize a robust and functional LED strip installation that meets the required standards.